In Erikson's stages, what is the challenge faced by a child aged 2-3 years?

During the ages of 2 to 3 years, children are navigating the developmental stage defined by autonomy versus shame and doubt, as outlined by Erik Erikson. This stage is critical as toddlers begin to assert their independence and explore their surroundings. They strive to accomplish tasks on their own, such as potty training, dressing, and feeding.

This struggle for autonomy is essential in helping children build self-esteem and confidence. When they are encouraged and supported in making choices and performing tasks independently, they develop a sense of autonomy. Conversely, if they encounter excessive limitations or criticism, they may begin to feel shame and doubt in their abilities. This could result in a lack of confidence, leading them to hesitate in taking initiative or trying new things in future stages.

Understanding this stage is important for caregivers and educators as they guide toddlers in their quest for independence while providing a supportive environment that fosters a healthy sense of self.