Which of the following is a key characteristic of the industry vs. inferiority stage in school-age children?

The industry vs. inferiority stage, as proposed by Erik Erikson, typically occurs in children ages 6 to 12 years. During this stage, children have an innate drive to gain skills and knowledge, which helps them develop a sense of competence. This period is marked by efforts to master tasks and contribute meaningfully in their school and social environments. A child will feel industrious and capable when they successfully learn new skills and receive positive reinforcement from peers and adults. Conversely, failure to achieve mastery may lead to feelings of inferiority and doubt about their abilities.

The other characteristics listed, while significant in their respective developmental contexts, do not specifically align with the primary focus of this stage. Learning to play pretend pertains more to the initiative vs. guilt stage in preschool-aged children, while seeking independence from parents is characteristic of adolescence. Exploring identity is also more relevant to the later stages of development, particularly during adolescence, when individuals begin to form their own identities distinct from their parents. Thus, the key hallmark of the industry vs. inferiority stage is truly centered around the development of competence through the acquisition of skills.